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What is a trapezoid?





A trapezoid, known as a trapezium in some parts of the world, is a four-sided polygon (quadrilateral) with at least one pair of parallel sides. These parallel sides are referred to as the bases of the trapezoid, and the non-parallel sides are called the legs. Trapezoids are unique among quadrilaterals for this defining feature of having only one pair of parallel sides.

Key Characteristics of a Trapezoid

  • At least one pair of parallel sides: The two sides that are parallel are known as the bases.
  • The non-parallel sides: These are the legs of the trapezoid, which can be of equal or unequal length.
  • Internal angles: The sum of the interior angles in a trapezoid, like any quadrilateral, is 360 degrees.

Types of Trapezoids

Trapezoids can be classified into two main types:

  • Isosceles Trapezoid: In an isosceles trapezoid, the non-parallel sides (legs) are of equal length, and the base angles are equal.
  • Scalene Trapezoid: A scalene trapezoid has no sides of equal length and no equal angles.

Examples of Trapezoids

Example 1: A quadrilateral with one pair of parallel sides measuring 5 cm and 7 cm, and the other sides measuring 4 cm and 6 cm, is a trapezoid.

Example 2: An isosceles trapezoid with bases of 10 cm and 6 cm, and legs of 5 cm each.

Applications of Trapezoids

Trapezoids are commonly found in architecture, engineering designs, and in various mathematical concepts, especially in geometry and area calculation.


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